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Iridium vs Copper

Iridium
Copper
Copper vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Cu  
Group Number
9  
9
11  
7
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1803  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
6 * 10-6 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~0.00007 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
Not Available  
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
235.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
3
343.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
13
3,810.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
6
90.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
4
1.90  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.98  
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
11
1.75  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.49  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
17
1.85  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
7th Energy level
Not Available  
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
13
4.65 eV  
11
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77  
39
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
27
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
27
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
26
361.49 pm  
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
3
8.02 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
120.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
3
8.89  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m  
5
Susceptibility
Not Available  
-9.63 * 10-6  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
283.70 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
338.90 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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