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Iridium Promethium Comparison

Iridium
Promethium
Promethium Iridium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Pm   
Group Number
9   
9
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.07   
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
84   
40
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
Summary >>
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