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Promethium vs Rhodium

Promethium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Rh   
Group Number
Not Available   
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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