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Rhodium vs Promethium

Rhodium
Promethium
Promethium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Pm   
Group Number
9   
9
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1804   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.07   
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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