Iron Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
Cu
Group Number
8
10
11
7
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Copper
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
26
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
1.53 (Pa)
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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