Copper Iron Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Fe
Group Number
11
7
8
10
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440508
37
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
13
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
17
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
9
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
12
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
40
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
38
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
28
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
90.00 %
3
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.64
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
14
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
9
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
22
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
11
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
29
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
99+
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
35
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
27
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
15
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
12
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
17
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
34
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6
4
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
2
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
33
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
29
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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