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Copper vs Iron

Copper
Iron
Iron vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu   
Fe   
Group Number
11   
7
8   
10
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440508   
37
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %   
12
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %   
12
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %   
13
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
17
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
9
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C   
40
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Copper   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa   
38
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa   
28
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
90.00 %   
3
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49   
14
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
9
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV   
11
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
29   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm   
35
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3   
27
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)   
8
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa   
15
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa   
12
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa   
17
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89   
34
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K   
2
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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