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Copper vs Iron

Copper
Iron
Iron vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Fe  
Group Number
11  
7
8  
10
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %  
12
1.1 * 10-1 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %  
12
~0.1 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
0.01 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Gray  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
12
4.00  
10
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
38
200.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
28
608.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
19
5,120.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
3
65.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
gamma Iron  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
11
1.83  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
9
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
3
1.64  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
14
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
9
1.80  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.17  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
16
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
10
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available  
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
11
4.70 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
35
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
27
6.98 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
17
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
34
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m  
5
6.3 * 10-3 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6  
4
2,00,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.10 106/cm Ω  
20
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
15.70 kJ/mol  
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
25
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
33
351.00 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
14.90 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
29
414.20 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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