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Iron vs Erbium

Iron
Erbium
Erbium vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Er  
Group Number
8  
10
3  
15
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
814.00 MPa  
12
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
589.00 MPa  
30
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
1.76  
24
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
-  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
-  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
1.24  
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.24  
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.24  
36
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
1.24  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
5.93 eV  
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
99  
34
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
49.00 (-eV)  
30
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
355.88 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
350.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
28.30 GPa  
31
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
44.40 GPa  
31
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
69.90 GPa  
31
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
9.07  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
1,802.00 K  
30
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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