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Iron vs Erbium

Iron
Erbium
Erbium vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Er  
Group Number
8  
10
Not Available  
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %  
1
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %  
1
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
5
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
Not Available  
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
37
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
10
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
40
814.00 MPa  
11
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
18
589.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
8
2,830.00 m/s  
28
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
12
Not Available  
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.24  
36
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
7
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
8
1.11  
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
12
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
40
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
36
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
16
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
16
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
14
Not Available  
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
Not Available  
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
10
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26  
99+
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
99  
33
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
18
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
18.40 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
49.00 (-eV)  
29
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
355.88 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.57  
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
35
8.86 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
28.30 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
44.40 GPa  
27
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
69.90 GPa  
29
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
9.07  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m  
1
Not Available  
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00  
1
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
20
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
34
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.17 J/(kg K)  
34
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
28.12 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
23
261.00 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
22
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
19
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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