Symbol
Fe
Ag
Group Number
811
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
45
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74398967440224
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
-
-
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.0.44 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C961.93 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C2,212.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.002.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa251.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa229.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.600.16
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %97.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
-
β Allotropes
beta Iron
-
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
-
Chemical Formula
Fe
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2636
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.831.93
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.201.83
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.641.42
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.831.47
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.801.87
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.172.07
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol2,070.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol3,361.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol73,100.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol73,100.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol7,310.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr4.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV4.26 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
2647
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2647
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
3061
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2647
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm144.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm145.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm172.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu107.87 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol10.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)11.40 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm408.53 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.351.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm310.49 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa100.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa83.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.290.37
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.2010.50
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.01 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
200,000.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m15.87 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.63 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol125.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K25.35 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K429.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K1,235.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)18.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol255.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol11.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol284.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K42.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻