Iron Yttrium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
Y
Group Number
8
10
3
15
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
589.00 MPa
22
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
Not Available
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
26
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Not Available
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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