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Lanthanum Cadmium Comparison

Lanthanum
Cadmium
Cadmium Lanthanum comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Cd   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1838   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
203.00 MPa   
39
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
Summary >>
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