Symbol
La
  
V
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
  
Andrés Manuel del Río
  
Discovery
In 1838
  
In 1801
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
  
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
36
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.
  
24
0.00 p.p.m.
  
31
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C
  
13
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C
  
18
3,380.00 °C
  
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Blue-Silver Grey
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s
  
37
4,560.00 m/s
  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
La
  
V
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol
  
35
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol
  
22
4,507.00 kJ/mol
  
25
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol
  
25
6,298.70 kJ/mol
  
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
12,363.00 kJ/mol
  
5
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
14,530.00 kJ/mol
  
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,730.00 kJ/mol
  
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
19,860.00 kJ/mol
  
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
22,240.00 kJ/mol
  
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
24,670.00 kJ/mol
  
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
29,730.00 kJ/mol
  
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
32,446.00 kJ/mol
  
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
86,450.00 kJ/mol
  
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
94,170.00 kJ/mol
  
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
102,300.00 kJ/mol
  
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
112,700.00 kJ/mol
  
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
121,600.00 kJ/mol
  
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
130,700.00 kJ/mol
  
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
143,400.00 kJ/mol
  
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
151,440.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol
  
16
8.78 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)
  
99+
120.00 (-eV)
  
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3
  
99+
6.00 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3
  
99+
5.50 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m
  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
35
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol
  
23
50.60 kJ/mol
  
20
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
0.49 J/(kg K)
  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
  
21
24.89 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K
  
99+
30.70 W/m·K
  
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)
  
32
8.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol
  
17
458.60 kJ/mol
  
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol
  
16
514.60 kJ/mol
  
13
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K
  
23
28.90 J/mol.K
  
99+