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Lanthanum vs Palladium

Lanthanum
Palladium
Palladium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La  
Pd  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439910  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1838  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
29
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
920.00 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C  
19
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
22
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
La  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
32
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
57  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
57  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm  
10
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm  
6
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm  
17
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm  
31
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
45.00 MPa  
40
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
15
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,193.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
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Lanthanide Series

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