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Lead Lanthanum Comparison

Lead
Lanthanum
Lanthanum Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
La  
Group Number
14  
4
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
7439910  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In 1838  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
920.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
3,469.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
360.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
La  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
1.10  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
1.10  
38
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
2.90  
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
57  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
57  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
82  
34
57  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
187.00 pm  
10
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
207.00 pm  
6
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
240.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
138.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Barium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Cerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
377.20 pm  
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
45.00 MPa  
40
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
14.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
27.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
36.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
6.17  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
1,193.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
Summary >>
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