Lanthanum Lead Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
La
Pb
Group Number
Not Available
14
4
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439910
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Unknown
Discovery
In 1838
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.
24
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C
18
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa
30
38.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa
26
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s
37
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10
99+
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90
10
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol
22
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol
25
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
57
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
57
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm
8
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm
6
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm
13
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol
16
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)
99+
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm
28
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
2
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3
99+
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa
40
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa
99+
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa
99+
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.17
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m
7
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol
23
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
21
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K
99+
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)
32
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol
17
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol
99+
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol
16
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K
23
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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