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Lead Niobium Comparison

Lead
Niobium
Niobium Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Nb   
Group Number
14   
4
5   
13
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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