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Lead Rhodium Comparison

Lead
Rhodium
Rhodium Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
Rh  
Group Number
14  
4
9  
9
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
82  
34
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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