Lead Rhodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
Rh
Group Number
14
4
9
9
Period Number
6
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
Not Available
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
58
99+
Number of Electrons
82
34
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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