Lithium Palladium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Pd
Group Number
1
17
10
8
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1817
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
Not Available
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.35
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
60
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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