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Lithium vs Palladium

Lithium
Palladium
Palladium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Pd   
Group Number
1   
17
10   
8
Period Number
2   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1817   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
Not Available   
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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