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Lithium vs Praseodymium

Lithium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Pr  
Group Number
1  
17
3  
15
Period Number
2  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
-  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
23
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
6
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.35  
99+
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
99+
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
99+
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
3  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
33
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
10
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
16
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
5
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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