Praseodymium vs Lithium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr
Li
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
2
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440100
99+
7439932
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1885
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
6 * 10-7 %
18
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00017 %
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
- This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
In Bone
Not Available
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C
99+
180.54 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C
27
1,347.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.60
21
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa
24
5.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s
40
6,000.00 m/s
3
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
8
30
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13
99+
0.98
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.89
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.97
19
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.91
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87
12
3.02
8
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol
99+
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol
99+
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr
40
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
2.90 eV
37
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59
99+
3
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
59
99+
3
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
4
99+
Number of Electrons
59
99+
3
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm
11
152.00 pm
31
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
128.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm
14
182.00 pm
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu
99+
6.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol
15
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)
99+
19.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm
29
351.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
0.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3
39
0.51 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
109.00 (Pa)
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa
39
4.20 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa
40
11.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa
99+
4.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
0.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m
99+
92.80 nΩ·m
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
59.60 kJ/mol
16
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K
18
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K
99+
84.80 W/m·K
20
Critical Temperature
Not Available
3,223.00 K
1
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol
29
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol
99+
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol
24
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
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