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Lithium vs Gadolinium

Lithium
Gadolinium
Gadolinium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Gd   
Group Number
1   
17
0   
18
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7440542   
33
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1817   
In 1880   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
Not Available   
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
1,311.00 °C   
35
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
3,233.00 °C   
25
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
510.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
1.20   
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
64   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
93   
37
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
64   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Europium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
46.10 (-eV)   
34
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
363.60 pm   
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
9
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
7.40 g/cm3   
31
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
21.80 GPa   
33
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
37.90 GPa   
34
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
54.80 GPa   
35
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
23
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
7.90   
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
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