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Lutetium Californium Comparison

Lutetium
Californium
Californium Lutetium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu   
Cf   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439943   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1906   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C   
19
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C   
19
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27   
34
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73   
20
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr   
23
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV   
33
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
104   
30
153   
9
Number of Electrons
71   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm   
20
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu   
40
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol   
30
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)   
26
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
10
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3   
38
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3   
22
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
33
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa   
26
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa   
23
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa   
30
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84   
29
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m   
9
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K   
24
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K   
30
Not Available   
Summary >>
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