Lutetium Niobium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Nb
Group Number
Not Available
5
13
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1906
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
52
99+
Number of Electrons
71
99+
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
