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Lutetium vs Cerium

Lutetium
Cerium
Cerium vs Lutetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu   
Ce   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439943   
99+
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
In 1906   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
Not Available   
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C   
19
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C   
19
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa   
10
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa   
8
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27   
34
1.12   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.08   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73   
20
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol   
99+
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol   
21
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr   
23
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV   
33
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71   
99+
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
104   
30
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
71   
99+
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm   
20
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu   
40
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol   
30
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)   
26
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
10
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3   
38
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3   
22
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
33
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)   
11
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa   
26
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa   
23
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa   
30
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84   
29
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m   
9
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K   
24
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K   
99+
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol   
22
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol   
13
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol   
20
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K   
30
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
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