Lutetium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Mg
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
3
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1906
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
Not Available
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
12
99+
Number of Electrons
71
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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