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Magnesium vs Californium

Magnesium
Californium
Californium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Cf   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
3   
7   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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