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Magnesium
Magnesium

Cerium
Cerium



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Magnesium vs Cerium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Mg
Ce
1.2 Group Number
2NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
36
Lithium
2 7
1.6 Block
s block
f block
1.7 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
1.8 CAS Number
74399547440451
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
2.4 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
3.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.4 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
3.4.2 Discovery
In 1755
In 1803
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.8.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %~0.0000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.10.4 Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.5.2 Abundance In Humans
0.03 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
5.1.3 Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.2.9 In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
650.00 °C795.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C3,257.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.5.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
7.5.3 Luster
NA
Lustrous
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
2.502.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
8.1.1 Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa186.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
8.4.2 Vickers Hardness
NA210.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
9.3 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
9.5 Optical Properties
9.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
9.6.2 Reflectivity
74.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
9.8 Allotropes
9.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
Mg
Ce
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
1530
Tennessine
0 38
10.8 Electronegativity
10.8.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.311.12
Francium
0.7 2.54
10.9.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
11.2.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.231.08
Cesium
0.86 1.82
11.2.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
11.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
1.29NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
11.9 Electropositivity
11.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.692.88
Gold
1.46 3.3
12.3 Ionization Energies
12.3.1 1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
14.2.2 2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
14.6.1 3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
15.1.1 4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
15.3.3 5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol6,325.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
15.6.6 6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol7,490.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
15.7.5 7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
15.8.6 8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
15.8.11 9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
16.2.2 10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
16.5.2 11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
16.7.2 12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
16.8.3 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
16.13.2 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
16.15.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
16.17.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
16.21.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
17.1.3 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
17.2.3 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
17.4.1 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
18.1.3 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
18.2.1 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
18.3.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
18.4.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
18.4.4 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
18.6.3 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
18.7.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
18.9.3 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
18.9.5 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
18.9.9 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
18.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
18.12 Electron Work Function
3.66 eV2.84 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
18.14 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
19 Atomic
19.1 Atomic Number
1258
Lithium
3 117
20.2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
20.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
20.3.1 Crystal Lattice
20.4 Atom
20.4.1 Number of Protons
1258
Lithium
3 117
20.4.6 Number of Neutrons
1282
Lithium
4 184
1.2.2 Number of Electrons
1258
Lithium
3 117
2.4 Radius of an Atom
2.4.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm181.80 pm
Beryllium
112 265
3.1.4 Covalent Radius
141.00 pm204.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
3.6.3 Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm235.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
1.3 Atomic Weight
24.31 amu140.12 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
2.2 Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
2.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.5.1 Previous Element
2.5.2 Next Element
2.6 Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
2.9 Lattice Constant
320.94 pm362.00 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
3.5 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
3.6 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
4.6.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm36.55 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
4.10 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
4.13 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
4.15 Vapor Pressure
4.15.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Palladium
2.47E-11 121
5.1.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA1.04 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
5.3 Elasticity properties
5.3.1 Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa13.50 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
5.5.3 Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa21.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
5.7.3 Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa33.60 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
5.8 Poisson Ratio
0.290.24
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
5.11 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
6 Magnetic
6.1 Magnetic Characteristics
6.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.746.77
Lithium
0.53 4500
6.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
6.1.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
6.1.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
6.2 Electrical Properties
6.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
6.2.2 Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
1.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
2.2.1 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
3.5 Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
3.6 Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
4.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
5.2 Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
5.4 Enthalpy
5.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
5.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
5.6.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
5.8 Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1