Magnesium vs Thulium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Tm
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1755
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
Not Available
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.25
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
100
32
Number of Electrons
12
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
Not Available
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.06 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
74.00 J/mol.K
9
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