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Molybdenum Cerium Comparison


Cerium Molybdenum comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Mo   
Ce   

Group Number
6   
12
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7439987   
99+
7440451   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   

Discovery
In 1778   
In 1803   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
27

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.01 %   
18

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
9
0.00 %   
33

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
14
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30

In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
2.70 p.p.m.   
14

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,617.00 °C   
5
795.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C   
9
3,257.00 °C   
23

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa   
7
186.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa   
6
210.00 MPa   
32

Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s   
6
2,100.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
58.00 %   
15
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Mo   
Ce   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
25   
14
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.16   
5
1.12   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15   
19
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30   
24
1.08   
31

Allen Electronegativity
2.16   
3
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.84   
99+
2.88   
11

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22

6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21

7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.60 eV   
12
2.84 eV   
39

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
42   
99+
58   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
42   
99+
58   
99+

Number of Neutrons
54   
99+
82   
99+

Number of Electrons
42   
99+
58   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
181.80 pm   
12

Covalent Radius
154.00 pm   
32
204.00 pm   
8

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
235.00 pm   
17

Atomic Weight
95.95 amu   
99+
140.12 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Niobium
  
Lanthanum
  

Next Element
Technetium
  

Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)   
13
41.78 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
314.70 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3   
36
6.77 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3   
20
6.55 g/cm3   
38

Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa   
13
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
1.04 (Pa)   
13

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa   
8
13.50 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
21.50 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa   
6
33.60 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.24   
27

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
10.22   
27
6.77   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
828.00 nΩ·m   
3

Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32

Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23

Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K   
12
11.30 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
414.00 kJ/mol   
16

Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
381.00 kJ/mol   
23

Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
72.00 J/mol.K   
12

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