Neodymium Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
Ni
Group Number
1
17
10
8
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1885
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
Not Available
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.75
3
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
31
99+
Number of Electrons
60
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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