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Neodymium Promethium Comparison

Neodymium
Promethium
Promethium Neodymium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd   
Pm   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440008   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1885   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
30
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
30
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C   
28
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa   
35
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa   
27
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s   
38
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14   
99+
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86   
13
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV   
34
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
84   
40
Number of Electrons
60   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm   
13
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm   
10
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm   
30
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3   
36
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa   
38
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa   
37
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa   
40
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
Not Available   
Summary >>
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