Neodymium Promethium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
Pm
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440122
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
Space Group Number
194.00
5
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1885
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
1,042.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
3,000.00 °C
31
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Unknown
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.07
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
61
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
61
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
84
40
Number of Electrons
60
99+
61
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
183.00 pm
10
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
236.00 pm
16
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
145.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
44.10 (-eV)
39
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Unknown
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
7.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
33.00 GPa
36
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
46.00 GPa
38
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
7.26
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
17.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
Not Available
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