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Neodymium vs Berkelium


Berkelium vs Neodymium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Nd   
Bk   

Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
7   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440008   
99+
7440406   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   

Discovery
In 1885   
In 1949   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
30
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
30
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,010.00 °C   
99+
986.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C   
28
2,627.00 °C   
40

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa   
35
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa   
27
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s   
38
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Nd   
Bk   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
14   
25

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.14   
99+
1.30   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.20   
27

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.70   
1

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.86   
13
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16

Electron Work Function
3.20 eV   
34
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
60   
99+
97   
21

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
60   
99+
97   
21

Number of Neutrons
84   
40
150   
11

Number of Electrons
60   
99+
97   
21

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
181.00 pm   
13
170.00 pm   
22

Covalent Radius
201.00 pm   
10
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
144.24 amu   
99+
247.00 amu   
18

Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Curium
  

Next Element
Promethium
  

Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
45.50 (-eV)   
36

Lattice Constant
365.80 pm   
30
341.60 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
14.78 g/cm3   
22

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3   
36
13.25 g/cm3   
11

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa   
38
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa   
37
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa   
40
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.00   
99+
14.00   
14

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   

Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
Not Available   

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