Neodymium vs Gold
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
Au
Group Number
1
17
11
7
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Unknown
Discovery
In 1885
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
2.54
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
84
40
118
23
Number of Electrons
60
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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