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Neodymium vs Gold

Neodymium
Gold
Gold vs Neodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd   
Au   
Group Number
1   
17
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440008   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1885   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C   
28
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa   
35
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa   
27
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s   
38
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14   
99+
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86   
13
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV   
34
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
118   
23
Number of Electrons
60   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm   
13
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm   
10
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm   
30
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3   
36
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)   
2
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa   
38
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa   
37
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa   
40
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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