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Gold vs Neodymium

Gold
Neodymium
Neodymium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Nd  
Group Number
11  
7
1  
17
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440008  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %  
26
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0000003 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
Not Available  
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,010.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
36
3,127.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
265.00 MPa  
35
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
31
345.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
2,330.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au  
Nd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
1
1.14  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
18
1.07  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
7
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
5
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.86  
13
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
2,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
1.79 g/amp-hr  
37
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
4
3.20 eV  
34
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79  
37
60  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Xe] 4f4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
60  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
23
84  
40
Number of Electrons
79  
37
60  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
181.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
40
201.00 pm  
10
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
39
229.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
144.24 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
20.60 cm3/mol  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Praseodymium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Promethium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
21
365.80 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
4
1.61  
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
7.01 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
6
6.89 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
15
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
101.00 (Pa)  
2
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
27
16.30 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
31.80 GPa  
37
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
24
41.40 GPa  
40
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
8
7.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
NA  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
643.00 nΩ·m  
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
27.45 J/mol·K  
17
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
16.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
9.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
273.00 kJ/mol  
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
7.14 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
322.00 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
71.50 J/mol.K  
13
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