Neodymium vs Potassium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
K
Group Number
1
17
1
17
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440097
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1885
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
0.07 %
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
1.50 %
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
0.04 %
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.20 %
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
In Bone
Not Available
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
63.65 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
774.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.40
23
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
0.36 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
2,000.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
K
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.45
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
0.91
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.73
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.73
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
2.30 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
19
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Ar] 4s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
19
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
20
99+
Number of Electrons
60
99+
19
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
227.00 pm
3
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
203.00 pm
9
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
275.00 pm
5
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
39.10 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
45.46 cm3/mol
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
10.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
532.80 pm
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
0.86 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
0.83 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
1.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
3.10 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
3.53 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
0.86
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
72.00 nΩ·m
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
48.40 kJ/mol
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
29.60 J/mol·K
6
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
102.50 W/m·K
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,223.00 K
3
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
64.70 J/mol.K
18
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