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Neodymium vs Rubidium

Neodymium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Neodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd   
Rb   
Group Number
1   
17
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440008   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1885   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
20
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C   
28
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa   
35
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa   
27
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s   
38
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14   
99+
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86   
13
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV   
34
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
60   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm   
13
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm   
10
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm   
30
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3   
36
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa   
37
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa   
40
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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