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Niobium Cobalt Comparison

Niobium
Cobalt
Cobalt Niobium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Co  
Group Number
5  
13
9  
9
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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