Niobium Iron Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb
Fe
Group Number
5
13
8
10
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440031
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Unknown
Discovery
In 1801
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
35
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
25
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C
6
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C
99+
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa
14
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa
12
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s
21
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60
23
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42
16
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.41
31
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40
31
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
41
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
52
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
41
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm
35
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm
28
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)
8
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa
19
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa
20
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.57
37
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m
23
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol
12
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K
29
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol
4
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol
6
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol
4
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
