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Niobium vs Iron

Niobium
Iron
Iron vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Fe   
Group Number
5   
13
8   
10
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1801   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.64   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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