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Niobium vs Aluminium

Niobium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Al   
Group Number
5   
13
13   
5
Period Number
5   
3   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1801   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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