1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74400537439998
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Ores of metals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,554.90 °C640.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C3,902.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol1,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA3,242.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
1.2.1 11th Energy Level
1.3.1 12th Energy Level
1.6.1 13th Energy Level
1.8.1 14th Energy Level
1.8.2 15th Energy Level
2.4.2 16th Energy Level
2.4.4 17th Energy Level
2.4.5 18th Energy Level
2.4.7 19th Energy Level
2.4.8 20th Energy Level
2.4.10 21st Energy Level
2.4.11 22nd Energy Level
2.4.12 23rd Energy Level
1.2.1 24th Energy Level
1.2.2 25th Energy Level
1.2.4 26th Energy Level
1.2.5 27th Energy Level
1.3.2 28th Energy Level
1.2.1 29th Energy Level
2.5.1 30th Energy Level
2.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
2.10 Electron Work Function
4.2 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
5 Atomic
5.1 Atomic Number
5.8 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
5.9 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
5.9.1 Crystal Lattice
5.10 Atom
5.10.1 Number of Protons
6.5.2 Number of Neutrons
6.6.4 Number of Electrons
6.7 Radius of an Atom
6.7.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm155.00 pm
112
265
6.7.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm190.00 pm
96
260
6.7.5 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
6.8 Atomic Weight
106.42 amu237.00 amu
6.94
294
7.3 Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol11.62 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.3.1 Previous Element
8.3.2 Next Element
8.4 Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)96.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.2 Lattice Constant
389.07 pm666.30 pm
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.2 Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm319.38 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.6 Tensile Strength
12.8 Viscosity
12.10 Vapor Pressure
12.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.2.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.11 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
13.4 Elasticity properties
13.4.1 Shear Modulus
13.6.2 Bulk Modulus
13.8.3 Young's Modulus
13.9 Poisson Ratio
14.3 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
15.1.4 Permeability
15.1.5 Susceptibility
15.3 Electrical Properties
15.3.1 Electrical Property
15.3.2 Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m1.22 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.8 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K29.46 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K6.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
16.7 Enthalpy
16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol3.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.9.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.10 Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1