1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
2.5 CAS Number
74400537440393
7429905
54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
2.7 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
4.2 Sources
Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
4.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.7.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.7.6 Abundance In Oceans
4.7.7 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,554.90 °C725.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C1,140.00 °C
147
5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
7.3.2 Color
7.3.3 Luster
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.5.2 Brinell Hardness
7.5.4 Vickers Hardness
7.6 Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s1,620.00 m/s
818
16200
7.7 Optical Properties
7.7.1 Refractive Index
7.7.3 Reflectivity
7.8 Allotropes
7.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.5.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.7 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol502.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol965.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol3,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
8.7.11 6th Energy Level
8.7.13 7th Energy level
8.7.15 8th Energy Level
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
8.7.23 13th Energy Level
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
8.7.26 15th Energy Level
8.7.28 16th Energy Level
8.7.30 17th Energy Level
8.7.31 18th Energy Level
8.7.33 19th Energy Level
8.7.35 20th Energy Level
8.7.37 21st Energy Level
8.7.39 22nd Energy Level
8.7.41 23rd Energy Level
8.7.43 24th Energy Level
8.7.45 25th Energy Level
8.7.47 26th Energy Level
8.7.48 27th Energy Level
8.7.50 28th Energy Level
8.7.52 29th Energy Level
8.7.54 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr2.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
10.7.4 Number of Electrons
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm222.00 pm
112
265
10.8.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm215.00 pm
96
260
10.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm268.00 pm
139
348
10.10 Atomic Weight
106.42 amu137.33 amu
6.94
294
10.11 Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol39.24 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)21.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.16 Lattice Constant
389.07 pm502.80 pm
228.58
891.25
10.17 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.18 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm33.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm33.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.3 Tensile Strength
11.4 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)7.11 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.2 Elasticity properties
12.2.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa4.90 GPa
1.3
222
12.2.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa9.60 GPa
1.6
462
12.2.4 Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa13.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.3 Poisson Ratio
12.5 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.2 Permeability
13.2.3 Susceptibility
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
13.4.2 Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m332.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.4.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.5.2 Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol13.95 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K28.07 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K18.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.6 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)20.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.2 Enthalpy
15.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol140.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.2.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.2.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol175.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.4 Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K62.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1