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Palladium
Palladium

Barium
Barium



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Palladium vs Barium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pd
Ba
1.2 Group Number
102
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
2.3 Block
d block
s block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
2.5 CAS Number
74400537440393
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
2.7 Space Group Number
225.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
4.2 Sources
Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
4.3.2 Discovery
In 1803
In 1772
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
4.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.7.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.03 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.7.6 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.7.7 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.2.4 In Bone
NA70.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,554.90 °C725.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C1,140.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
7.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.751.25
Cesium
0.2 8.5
7.5.2 Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.5.4 Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPaNA
Gold
121 3430
7.6 Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s1,620.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.7 Optical Properties
7.7.1 Refractive Index
1.72NA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.7.3 Reflectivity
84.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.8 Allotropes
7.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Pd
Ba
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
3837
Tennessine
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.200.89
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.68
Cesium
0.22 2.56
8.5.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.350.97
Cesium
0.86 1.82
8.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.88
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.5.7 Allen Electronegativity
1.590.88
Cesium
0.659 2.7
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.803.11
Gold
1.46 3.3
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol502.90 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol965.20 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol3,600.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
NANA
Thorium
2780 37066
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
8.7.11 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
8.7.13 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
8.7.15 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
8.7.23 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
8.7.26 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
8.7.28 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
8.7.30 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
8.7.31 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
8.7.33 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
8.7.35 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
8.7.37 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
8.7.39 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
8.7.41 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
8.7.43 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
8.7.45 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
8.7.47 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
8.7.48 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
8.7.50 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
8.7.52 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
8.7.54 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr2.56 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
5.12 eV2.70 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
4656
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
[Xe] 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
4656
Lithium
3 117
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
6081
Lithium
4 184
10.7.4 Number of Electrons
4656
Lithium
3 117
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm222.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.8.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm215.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm268.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.10 Atomic Weight
106.42 amu137.33 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.11 Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol39.24 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)21.30 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
10.16 Lattice Constant
389.07 pm502.80 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
10.17 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.18 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm33.51 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm33.34 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
11.3 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
11.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)7.11 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
12.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
12.2 Elasticity properties
12.2.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa4.90 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
12.2.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa9.60 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
12.2.4 Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa13.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
12.3 Poisson Ratio
0.39NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
12.5 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.023.62
Lithium
0.53 4500
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
13.2.3 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
13.4.2 Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m332.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
13.4.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
13.5.2 Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol13.95 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K28.07 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K18.40 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
14.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
14.6 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)20.60 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
15.2 Enthalpy
15.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol140.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
15.2.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
15.2.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol175.70 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
15.4 Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K62.50 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1