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Palladium vs Molybdenum

Palladium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd   
Mo   
Group Number
10   
8
6   
12
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440053   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
Not Available   
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C   
22
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C   
33
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75   
9
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa   
33
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa   
36
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s   
26
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72   
1
Not Available   
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38   
1
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35   
21
1.30   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV   
3
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
60   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
46   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm   
25
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3   
29
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3   
17
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa   
16
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.39   
5
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02   
21
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K   
23
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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