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Palladium vs Seaborgium

Palladium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Sg  
Group Number
10  
8
6  
12
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
-  
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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