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Platinum vs Cobalt

Platinum
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Co   
Group Number
10   
8
9   
9
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
Not Available   
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.70   
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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