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Platinum vs Cobalt

Platinum
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Co  
Group Number
10  
8
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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