Polonium Potassium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
K
Group Number
16
2
1
17
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkali
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7440097
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
221.00
3
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1898
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.07 %
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
1.50 %
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.04 %
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.20 %
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
63.65 °C
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
774.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.40
23
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
0.36 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,000.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
K
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.45
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
0.91
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
0.73
23
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
0.73
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.30 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
19
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Ar] 4s1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
19
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
20
99+
Number of Electrons
84
32
19
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
227.00 pm
3
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
203.00 pm
9
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
275.00 pm
5
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
39.10 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
45.46 cm3/mol
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
10.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
532.80 pm
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
0.86 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
0.83 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
1.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
3.10 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
3.53 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
0.86
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
72.00 nΩ·m
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
48.40 kJ/mol
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
29.60 J/mol·K
6
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
102.50 W/m·K
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,223.00 K
3
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
64.70 J/mol.K
18
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