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Polonium Vanadium Comparison

Polonium
Vanadium
Vanadium Polonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
V  
Group Number
16  
2
5  
13
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
84  
32
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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