Potassium Indium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
K
In
Group Number
1
17
13
5
Period Number
4
5
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440097
99+
7440746
17
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
229.00
1
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1807
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %
9
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %
6
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %
3
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %
2
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Research
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
Not Available
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C
99+
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.40
23
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa
99+
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s
99+
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45
31
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91
39
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73
23
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
0.73
99+
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV
99+
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19
99+
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
19
99+
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
66
99+
Number of Electrons
19
99+
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm
3
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm
5
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu
99+
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol
3
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)
99+
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm
12
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3
99+
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3
99+
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa
99+
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.86
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m
37
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol
22
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K
6
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K
15
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K
3
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K
18
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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