Potassium Lithium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
K
Li
Group Number
1
17
1
17
Period Number
4
2
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
Alkali
CAS Number
7440097
99+
7439932
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1807
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
6 * 10-7 %
18
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.00017 %
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %
9
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %
6
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %
3
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %
2
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C
99+
180.54 °C
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C
99+
1,347.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.40
23
0.60
21
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa
99+
5.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s
99+
6,000.00 m/s
3
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
8
30
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
0.98
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45
31
0.89
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91
39
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73
23
0.97
19
Allen Electronegativity
0.73
99+
0.91
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
3.02
8
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV
99+
2.90 eV
37
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19
99+
3
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
19
99+
3
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
4
99+
Number of Electrons
19
99+
3
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm
3
152.00 pm
31
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
128.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm
5
182.00 pm
35
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu
99+
6.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol
3
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)
99+
19.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm
12
351.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3
99+
0.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3
99+
0.51 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
109.00 (Pa)
2
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa
99+
4.20 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa
99+
11.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa
99+
4.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.86
99+
0.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m
37
92.80 nΩ·m
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol
22
59.60 kJ/mol
16
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K
6
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K
15
84.80 W/m·K
20
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K
3
3,223.00 K
1
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K
18
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
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